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3008: The Use of Temperature Marker Compounds as a Means of Detecting Hot Spots in Power Transformers

This report describes the results of a literature search to identify oil-soluble compounds that could serve as chemical markers to indicate the presence of hot spots within a power transformer. The compounds contain elements such as halogens that enable the parent compounds and their degradation products to be readily detected at low concentrations. Potential marker compounds were selected for future laboratory evaluation based on their reported ability to undergo a sharp chemical transformati

Nov 1, 2001

Research

3076: Optimal Life Cycle Management for Transformers: A Financial/Risk Model

The proposed model is principally a stochastic financial model, not a technical model. The main goal is to calculate the total lifecycle costs of a single transformer over a specified period, taking into account maintenance and sustainability policies. The financial model uses Monte Carlo simulation to generate random events, deterioration, and life expectancy for each of these scenarios using different lifecycle costs. The total lifecycle cost can be defined as the sum of all recurring and non-

Jul 1, 2011 - Jul 3, 2012

Research

3704: Grounding System Risk in Design, Construction and Testing a New Grounding System

This report summarizes the findings of a technical review of the processes and tools employed in the design, construction and testing of grounding systems. The objective is to identify potential sources of errors that can result in either overly pessimistic (non-optimal) designs or overly optimistic (with unsatisfactory performance) design of the grounding system, introducing unintended risk in achieving the safe grounding conditions in most cost efficient manner. This report identifies design s

Jul 1, 2012 - Jan 13, 2014

Research

30129: State-of-the-Art Review of Mobile Substations

New technologies and innovations in manufacturing methods have resulted in the introduction of more robust and compact designs of higher-capacity mobile equipment, leading to opportunities for using mobile substations and components in applications and/or locations that previously may not have been considered practicable.These developments led to this project which provides the results of an extensive literature search, a survey of both vendors and users of mobile substations, and a guide to ass

Jan 22, 2019 - Nov 26, 2019

Research

Resiliency Resources Inventory

This Resiliency Resources Inventory is a compilation of resources across a sub-set of CEATI's transmission and distribution groups focused on enhancing the reliability and resilience of T&D systems. The inventory identifies ongoing and completed projects, as well as completed webinars, workshops and information exchanges showcasing innovations and best practices across multiple facets of power system resiliency. The inventory identifies resources on infrastructure hardening, grid moderniza

Jan 1, 1970

Research

30126: Best Practice Guidelines for Transformer & Station Fire Protection, Spill Containment and Spills Management

Part ATransformers generate heat, and a critical operating parameter is their cooling capacity. There are a number of cooling fluids used for this purpose, but the most common is mineral oil. But regardless of the type, release of this oil is undesirable for multiple reasons. One is the environmental impact, which may be significant, especially when the oil makes its way into waterways or other public receptors.Containment is an important mechanism for controlling oil spills from transformers an

May 7, 2018 - May 7, 2019

Research

3085: Transformers: In Service Guide for New and Used Transformers

This project aimed to develop a guide to help utility engineers make sure that the power transformers are inspected, tested, transported, installed and commissioned at substations in a verifiable and appropriate manner. This would thus help ensure that transformers will be operating reliably for many years to come.The guide includes an extensive review of relevant publications and standards, the results of the utility survey documenting/summarizing common industry practices, as well as a summary

Oct 1, 2012 - Aug 10, 2014

Research

3046: Transformer Failure Modes: Causes, Detection and Monitoring

This work is the first step of a larger project to identify, evaluate, and make recommendations for the application of existing and developing systems for continuous on-line monitoring and automated expert data interpretation systems for transformers and load tap changers (LTCs). This initial work focuses on the causes, detection, and monitoring of the failure modes of the different components of substation transformers. The conditions leading to the specific failure mode and their causes are

Oct 1, 2009

Research

30123: CPF: Guide for Loading of In-service Aged Power Transformers

Most power transformer failures can be correlated with deterioration of the insulation system over time. The existing IEEE Std. C57.91-2011 gives a basic aging mechanism for simplified loading studies, which is based on hot-spot temperature rise alone. It also assumes an average useful life of 20 years for power transformers. There is a need for this useful life assessment to be updated based on practical considerations.There has been extensive research conducted in the past decade towards incor

Mar 19, 2018 - Jul 12, 2019

Research

3064: Gasket Seals - Best Practices for Leak Prevention

This report documents the results of surveys of utilities and transformer manufacturers (OEMs) on their practices for power transformer leak prevention. The results include overall approaches to leak prevention, as well as details on specific applications and products commonly used by utilities and OEMs. The report documents all the information collected during this study, including the literature search, surveys and discussions with utilities and OEMs. Finally, based on the analysis of al

Nov 19, 2010 - Mar 19, 2012

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