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3727: Grounding of Concrete Walls and Foundations

The grounding of an electrical system is carried out mainly to limit the voltage imposed on its components in case of contact with higher voltage lines, protecting against lightning strikes and stabilizing the voltage during normal operation of the system. Recently, concrete encased reinforcing rebars have attracted electrical engineers’ attention as a promising grounding agent. This is because the concrete surrounding rebar has a lower electrical resistivity than the earth. Also, concrete

Feb 1, 2020 - Oct 27, 2020

GL

Research

3705B: Grounding System Health Index Methodology

This report describes the health degradation modes of different components of grounding systems, and reviews the best industry practices for inspection and testing of grounding systems. The best practices for assessing health and condition of various components of the grounding systems include preventative maintenance in the form of periodic inspections and testing of grounding systems. The results of each of these inspections and tests can be expressed on a numeric scale and by assigning approp

GL

Research

3723: Rating and Placement of Working Grounds

Practicing appropriate rating and placement of working grounds is extremely important both to ensure a safe working environment for employees and the public and to protect power system equipment. Utilities rely heavily on standards such as IEEE, ASTM, and IEC in selecting suitable rated conductors and adopting safe work procedures. However, when utilities face situations that differ from those assumed in the standards, additional guidance or tools may be necessary to recalculate values. This rep

Oct 5, 2018 - Apr 18, 2019

GL

Research

3737: Practices for Shielding and Grounding of Station Control and Power Cables

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Research

3713: Best Practices in Rehabilitating Deficient Grounding Grid Performance

The grounding system of a high voltage substation is responsible for moderating the step and touch voltages inside the yard and outside the fence. This ensures the safety of personnel working at the station and the nearby general public. The ground potential rise (GPR) in the event of fault must also be limited by installing an adequate low impedance grounding system. Recent advances in computer modelling and ground grid testing capabilities have raised questions regarding the performance of old

Dec 2, 2014 - May 16, 2016

GL

Research

3711: Investigation of Effective Ground Impedance Measurement to Mitigate Distribution System Operating Parameters

This report investigates the measurement of an “effective ground impedance” and its relation to mitigating operational issues on the multigrounded neutral of an electrical distribution system. Emphasis was put on excessive neutral-to-earth voltage (NEV) caused by unbalanced loads, single line to ground (SLG) faults along the distribution system, and ground potential rise (GPR) due to substation faults. A mathematical model of a multigrounded neutral is presented and a number of overh

Jul 18, 2014 - Jan 4, 2016

DEP

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Research

3709: Comparison of CSA, IEEE and IEC Approach to Lightning Protection

Standards to protect the public represent conservative engineering practice, using concepts that are well-understood and simple to explain even to non-specialists. The electrogeometric model (EGM) has evolved to fulfill this role even in its simplest form, relating the distance from a downward lightning leader to the prospective peak current. The EGM has been widely adopted in lightning protection standards in IEEE and IEC. Prescriptions for building and fire protection in CSA and NFPA standards

Jun 20, 2013 - Mar 16, 2015

GL

Research

3719: Precision Assessment of Power Line Response to Lightning

There is a significant opportunity to better understand and improve the performance of transmission and distribution systems in response to direct and indirect lightning strikes using equipment and data currently available to the industry. To date, the operational analysis of lightning’s impact on power systems (lines) has been limited to information about basic lightning correlations and statistics, which are generally limited to the occurrence of electrical faults within the power system

Aug 30, 2016 - May 29, 2019

GL

Research

3725: Guidelines for Grounding of Customer HV Installations

Independent consulting companies are increasingly designing grounding at customer and utility owned stations. Inconsistencies in these designs and misinterpretations of requirements have, at times, due to the variety of guidelines and standards, resulted in parochial jurisdiction and differing approval processes. Examples include questions of whether pad mount transformers constitute substations, whether credit may be assumed for connections to overhead ground wires and neutrals owned by differe

Mar 11, 2019 - Mar 19, 2020

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Research

3716: Personal Protection Grounding Reference Guide

Personal protective grounding practices can vary from one utility to the next. Practices could includeterms such as grounding both sides, bracket grounding, equipotential bonding and single pointgrounding. The use of equipotential bonding is often plagued by inconsistencies and a lack of acceptance and may not be as practiced in Transmission as in Distribution work. Utility standard operating procedures may allow for more than one grounding method, such as: “Grounding between the work area

Jun 22, 2015 - Aug 17, 2016

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