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3731: Guidelines for Reducing Ground Resistance for Different Electrode Designs

Low ground electrode resistance effectively dissipates fault current into the earth. This reduces the Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and, consequently, the touch and step potentials that a person may be subject to during normal and fault conditions. The resistance value depends primarily on the soil resistivity and the ground grid’s area and depth. In practice, these parameters often have less than ideal values. For example, the size of the area may be limited, natural soil conditions may hav

Jun 13, 2021 - Nov 16, 2022

GL

Research

3717: Soil Resistivity Testing - Phase 2A

A recently published CEATI project report titled “Soil Resistivity Testing” compares the simulated performance of different resistivity test methods, such as the Wenner, Schlumberger and Palmer probe arrays. The results show that resolving high resistivity basement rock under a conductive surface layer is particularly challenging and affects the modelled resistance of medium and large stations. The project proposed new Half Wenner and Half Schlumberger test methods to improve this pe

Nov 15, 2016 - Feb 12, 2019

GL

Research

4303: Electrical Safety Program Best Practices for The Power Industry

GL

H&S

Research

3720: Methodology for Lightning Performance Improvement

The purpose of this project was to add a counterpoise ground model to EPRI’s open source transient simulator. The approach to integrating this model is based on nodal analysis of the counterpoise conductor and electrical transient computations. A new graphical user interface for OpenETran is added and described in this report. The user-interface regroups a tab window, replacing the previous Excel spreadsheet interface for OpenETran, and adds a line visualization tool for more efficient lin

Feb 8, 2017 - Jun 6, 2018

GL

Research

3714 A: Application of Geology and Geochemistry to Locating Optimal Substation Grounding Sites

Geology and geochemistry are dominant factors controlling ground resistivity and thus can be used to help in selecting electrical substation sites with good grounding conditions. A good substation ground grid is important for the protection of people, equipment and the environment from excessive ground plane voltage rise. The objectives of the first phase of this project are to identify from the literature, geological and geochemical factors that can be used as markers to improve site selection

Sep 1, 2014 - May 25, 2015

GL

Research

D373: Evaluation of Touch & Step Voltages in Underground Distribution Systems - Stages I & II

The first of the two main objectives of the original proposal was to provide operating engineers with a clearer idea of the various processes governing induced voltages and ground potential rises on underground distribution systems. This was attained by performing Stages I and II. Stage I consisted of a consultation among Canadian utilities to create a suitable data base for the sensitivity analysis forming part of the study to be conducted in Stage II.This study provided the opportunity to iden

DEP

GL

Research

T926: Lightning Positioning & Tracking System (LPATS) Measurements

A Lightning Positioning and Tracking System (LPATS) has been in operation in Quebec since September 1992. The system consists of measuring the arrival time of the electric field generated by the lightning flash at the receivers. Hydro-Québec has been contributing for several years now to a CEA research project (179 T 382) aimed at determining the lightning density across Canada using lightning flash counters.Fourteen counters installed at eleven different locations across Quebec will be

Jan 1, 1993 - Dec 1, 1994

GL

SE

Research

T382A: Lightning Ground Flash Density Measurements in Canada (January 1, 1990 To December 31, 1996)

In Phase One of the CEA project entitled, "Lightning Ground Flash Density Measurements in Canada", suitable instrumentation was selected, manufactured, and installed for the collection of lightning flash counts. The purpose of the present report is to describe Phase Two of the project, present the results obtained to date, and to provide some analyses of them. The process of accumulating accurate and reliable lightning information from a total of 74 Lightning Ground Flash Counters distributed ac

Oct 1, 1992 - Mar 1, 1996

GL

OTD

Research

D541: Simplified Rules for Grounding Customer-Owned High Voltage Substations

Wording of the present version of the Canadian Electrical Code Part I, Section 36 makes it difficult to verify compliance of the great variety of outdoor and indoor customer-owned substation grounds with the Code. This verification is virtually impossible without the use of sophisticated and complex analyses requiring specialized data not available in readily usable form. This project provides several useful tools in the form of reference documentation, tables, charts, figures and engineering so

DEP

GL

Research

T817: Powerline Ground Fault Effects on Pipelines

The effects of electric power system ground faults on buried pipelines were investigated. Studies included determining the amount of damage to pipe sections struck with 60 Hz electric arcs ranging from 330 amperes to 87,000 amperes and for 2 cycles to 120 cycles duration. Additional tests were conducted to establish flashover distances and sustained arc lengths between grounding electrodes and pipe sections buried in 3 soil types of different resistivity. Separation distances that would prevent

GL

OTE

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